The WMO framework allows the timely and widespread dissemination of information about tropical cyclones. As a result of international cooperation and coordination, tropical cyclones are increasingly being monitored from their early stages of formation.
Their role is to detect, monitor, track and forecast all tropical cyclones in their respective regions. The Centres provide, in real-time, advisory information and guidance to the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services. Each year the impacts of tropical cyclones and other weather, climate and water extremes around the Earth give rise to multiple casualties and significant damage to property and infrastructure, with adverse economic consequences for communities that can persist for many years.
All this happens in spite of the fact that many of these severe events have been well forecast, with accurate warning information disseminated in a timely fashion by the responsible National Meteorological and Hydrological Service NMHS. Put simply, while there is a realization of what the weather might be, there is frequently a lack of understanding of what the weather might do.
It is no longer enough to provide a good weather forecast or warning — people are now demanding information about what to do to ensure their safety and protect their property.
If this gap is to be closed, then an all-encompassing approach to observing, modelling and predicting severe hydrometeorological events, and the consequent cascade of hazards through to impacts, needs to be developed. Tackling this problem will require a multidisciplinary and highly integrated and focused endeavour. This is essential to ensure access to the best possible science, and the optimum services, to manage multi-hazard events today, and to provide the best possible evidence base on which to make the costly decisions on infrastructure needed to protect the population in the future as climate changes.
Improving the understanding of the potential impacts of severe hydrometeorological events poses a challenge to NMHSs and their partner agencies, particularly disaster reduction and civil protection agencies. Progressing from weather forecasts and warnings to multi-hazard impact-based forecast and warning services represents a paradigm shift in service delivery for many NMHSs. Successful impact-based forecasting requires collaboration with others who have the additional necessary expertise, resources and knowledge such as demographic data, crowd-sourcing techniques, geographical information systems GISs , interoperability, and third-party data integration and usage to deliver impact services that NMHSs cannot do on their own.
From the perspective of service users, this would include communities most vulnerable to disasters contributing to the information system.
Working closely together, the suppliers of the services and the beneficiaries of those services would provide an integrated, authoritative, unified voice that everyone could resonate with, and in turn could take effective action. Some of the concepts that underpin the idea of impact forecasting go beyond the terms traditionally used in weather forecasting. Hazard - A hazard is defined as a hydrometeorological-based, geophysical or human-induced element that poses a level of threat to life, property or the environment.
Hyydrometeorological Forecast Uncertainty - Hydrometeorological forecast uncertainty refers to the limits of predictability imposed by the state of the science and inherent randomness of the hydrometeorological system. Exposure - Exposure refers to who and what may be affected in an area in which hazardous events may occur. If the population and economic resources were not located in exposed to potentially dangerous settings, no disaster risk would exist. Exposure is a necessary, but not sufficient, determinant of risk.
It is possible to be exposed, but not vulnerable, for example, by living on a floodplain but having sufficient means to modify building structure and behaviour to mitigate potential loss. However, to be vulnerable to a hazard, it is also necessary to be exposed. Exposure is time t and space x dependent.
An example of exposure related to geographic location would be a vehicle driving across a bridge during a windstorm. To highlight a situational example, a crane would have a much higher exposure during the same windstorm than would a car at street level. Exposure due to timing may exist at various timescales. The Tropical Cyclone Programme TCP aims to ensure, through its national and regional coordinated systems, that the loss of life and damage caused by tropical cyclones are reduced to a minimum.
The Programme plans to expand its platform to include more data and tools as they become available and to publish techniques and best practices from tropical cyclone forecast centres.
The General Component of the Tropical Cyclone Programme is concerned with methodology like transfer of technology, information and scientific knowledge to Members and encompasses the broader training requirements of the Programme. Each of the five Regional Bodies has an Operational Plan or Manual which records the agreements reached on the sharing of responsibilities for the warning services and their infrastructures, throughout its region. The plans were designed to provide the best possible forecasting and warning services within the limits of scientific knowledge and technological developments and of the available resources, ensuring full coordination and taking maximum advantage of the high level of cooperation which has been achieved.
Organizational structure. Tropical Cyclone Operational Plans. Events and activities. Working documents. Events and Activities. Meetings and Regional Tropical Cyclone Bodies sessions. Floods are the most common natural hazards with the largest impacts on society. Although exceptionally devastating floods distort the trend, flood impact records show that the number of related fatalities Small Island Developing States and Member Island Territories are low-lying island nations that are highly vulnerable and often affected by weather extremes and climate change, including the increased severity Coordinating the global system of telecommunication facilities and arrangements for the rapid collection, exchange and distribution of observations and processed information within the framework of the World Weather Ensuring the efficient and effective functioning of the six WMO Regional Associations in coordinating the meteorological, hydrological, climatologic and related activities of their Members by providing a framework for The Global Climate Observing System GCOS is a co-sponsored programme which regularly assesses the status of global climate observations and produces guidance for its improvement.
Collecting, exchanging, processing and providing climate and hydrological observations, forecasts and data exchange to all WMO programmes. Assisting Members in monitoring and forecasting tropical cyclones to reduce disaster-related losses of life and infrastructure.
Enhancing the contributions of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services NMHSs to disaster risk reduction DRR at all levels in a more cooperative, cost-effective, systematic and sustainable manner Offering operationally reliable, surface-based and space-based subsystems with observing facilities on land, at sea, in the air and in outer space in support of the World Weather Watch Setting technical standards, quality control procedures and guidance for the use of meteorological instruments and observation methods in order to promote development documentation and worldwide standardization.
Providing observations, modelling and analysis of marine and ocean variables to support research, assessments and operational ocean services worldwide. Improving the understanding of the climate system for the benefit of societies coping with climate variability and change.
Assisting in the capacity development of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services NMHSs by improving human, technical and institutional capacities and infrastructure, particularly in developing, least developed and small island developing states and territories in order Enabling the delivery of weather and related services for sound decision-making on public safety and cost-efficiency in all social and economic activities affected by weather.
Enabling worldwide use of specialized and tailored products in support of environmental emergency response involving large-scale dispersion of airborne hazardous substances.
Education and training is offered to assists National Meteorological and Hydrological Services in developing and delivering the weather, climate and water-related services required for the safety and well-being of their populations and to become full partners in global collaborative efforts. This work centres mainly on the development of human resources. Skip to main content. Home Weather Climate Water Environment.
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